![Spore human](https://kumkoniak.com/105.jpg)
This article will discuss the factors involved in spore resistance to agents such as wet and dry heat, desiccation, UV and γ-radiation, enzymes that hydrolyze bacterial cell walls, and a variety of toxic chemicals, including genotoxic agents, oxidizing agents, aldehydes, acid, and alkali. Since the spores of some species are causative agents of much food spoilage, food poisoning, and human disease, and the spores of Bacillus anthracis are a major bioweapon, there is much interest in the mechanisms of spore resistance and how these spores can be killed. Holden researchers are playing significant roles in the new highly collaborative NET SPORE and come from the departments of pediatrics, internal medicine, surgery, radiology, pharmacology, pathology, radiation oncology, epidemiology, biostatistics, chemistry, and biomedical engineering.Spores of various Bacillus and Clostridium species are among the most resistant life forms known.
![spore human spore human](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/b5_t1T45cm4/maxresdefault.jpg)
The SPORE grant is trying to understand the molecular biology of NETs so that it is possible to diagnose the cancers earlier and create new treatments. Surgery is the only cure and once the NET has metastasized, it is difficult to remove the complete tumor. Because NETs are slow-growing, they don’t respond to most chemotherapy drugs, and very few of the new targeted drugs are effective. Unfortunately, the tumors have often metastasized or spread to other parts of the body. NETs are difficult to diagnose and many patients have vague symptoms such as abdominal pain, flushing, or diarrhea for eight or nine years before the correct diagnosis is made. They most appear most often in the small intestine, appendix, pancreas, and lungs but can also be found in the thyroid, breast, ovaries and prostate.
![spore human spore human](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/i1Qt4Tm7zm4/hqdefault.jpg)
They are found in both adults and children but more commonly occur in adults.
![spore human spore human](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/XJ84_VebAhI/hqdefault.jpg)
![spore human spore human](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/g2KUcvsx5Pg/hqdefault.jpg)
Sometimes Neuroendocrine tumors are called carcinoid tumors. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are slow-growing cancers that can occur in any organ that has endocrine cells.
![Spore human](https://kumkoniak.com/105.jpg)